Product Name: AMOXIQAS

Type: Oral Water-Soluble Powder - Aminopenicillin Antibiotic

COMPOSITION

Each gram contains:

• Amoxicillin Trihydrate ...... 700 mg (70% w/w)

Amoxicillin content equivalent to 700 mg amoxicillin activity per gram of product.

DESCRIPTION

AMOXIQAS is a high-concentration water-soluble powder containing amoxicillin trihydrate 70%, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic. Amoxicillin is widely used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections in poultry and livestock due to its excellent pharmacokinetic properties: resistance to gastric acid, good digestive absorption, and favorable tissue distribution [citation:1].

Amoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that exerts its bactericidal action by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis, making it effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria [citation:4][citation:8].

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. This binding inhibits the transpeptidation reaction, preventing the cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands, which are essential for cell wall integrity. The disruption of cell wall synthesis leads to bacterial cell lysis and death [citation:4][citation:8].

Amoxicillin is bactericidal against susceptible organisms and is most effective during the active growth phase of bacteria [citation:5].

ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRUM

Amoxicillin exhibits broad-spectrum activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria [citation:8]:

Gram-Positive Bacteria:

• Staphylococcus spp. (non-penicillinase producing strains)
• Streptococcus spp.
• Clostridium perfringens
• Corynebacterium spp.
• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
• Listeria monocytogenes

Gram-Negative Bacteria:

• Escherichia coli
• Salmonella spp.
• Pasteurella multocida
• Haemophilus spp.
• Klebsiella spp.
• Proteus spp.
• Fusobacterium necrophorum
• Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Note: Amoxicillin is not effective against penicillinase-producing bacteria (resistant staphylococci) or Mycoplasma species. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor such as clavulanic acid may be required to overcome resistance in penicillinase-producing organisms [citation:9].

INDICATIONS

AMOXIQAS is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by amoxicillin-sensitive bacteria in poultry and livestock [citation:8].

Poultry (Broilers, Layers, Breeders, Turkeys, Ducks, Geese):

• Colibacillosis - Escherichia coli infections causing airsacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis, and septicemia [citation:3][citation:9]
• Salmonellosis - including fowl typhoid and paratyphoid infections [citation:9]
• Pasteurellosis - fowl cholera caused by Pasteurella multocida [citation:3][citation:9]
• Necrotic Enteritis - caused by Clostridium perfringens [citation:9]
• Respiratory Infections - including chronic respiratory disease (CRD) complicated by bacterial pathogens [citation:9]
• Infectious Coryza - caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum [citation:9]
• Staphylococcosis - staphylococcal infections [citation:5][citation:6]
• Bacterial Enteritis - diarrhea of bacterial origin [citation:5]
• Omphalitis - yolk sac infection in chicks

Swine:

• Streptococcal Infections - including Streptococcus suis [citation:3]
• Colibacillosis - E. coli infections [citation:5]
• Salmonellosis
• Pasteurellosis
• Erysipelas - caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae [citation:8]
• MMA Syndrome - mastitis-metritis-agalactia complex [citation:8]
• Swine Dysentery - caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae [citation:8]

PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES

• Absorption: Amoxicillin is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is resistant to gastric acid, ensuring good bioavailability after oral administration [citation:1][citation:5].
• Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the body tissues, achieving therapeutic concentrations in respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary system [citation:1].
• Elimination: The plasma half-life of amoxicillin is relatively short, approximately 1.68 hours in poultry, resulting in rapid clearance from the body [citation:1]. Excreted primarily in urine.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION

AMOXIQAS is administered via drinking water. For optimal results, fresh medicated water should be prepared daily.

Recommended Dosage:

Poultry (Chickens, Turkeys, Ducks, Geese):

• Body Weight Based: 15-20 mg amoxicillin per kg body weight per day (equivalent to 21-29 mg product per kg body weight per day) for 3-5 consecutive days [citation:1][citation:3][citation:8]
• Water Concentration: 1 g of AMOXIQAS per 4-8 liters of drinking water (providing 700 mg amoxicillin per 4-8 liters) [citation:5]
• Calculation: Each 100 g of AMOXIQAS medicates 400-800 liters of drinking water at the recommended concentration.
• Treatment Duration: 3-5 consecutive days. For severe infections, extend to 5-7 days [citation:3].

Swine:

• Body Weight Based: 10-21 mg amoxicillin per kg body weight per day (equivalent to 15-30 mg product per kg body weight per day) for 3-5 consecutive days [citation:3][citation:8]

Administration Guidelines:

• Calculate total daily water consumption based on flock size, age, and environmental temperature
• Dissolve the required amount of AMOXIQAS in a small volume of water, then add to the main drinking water tank
• For use in automatic water proportioners, prepare stock solution according to manufacturer specifications
• Prepare fresh medicated water daily; discard any unused solution after 24 hours [citation:1]
• Ensure medicated water is the sole source of drinking water during treatment [citation:1]
• For best results, administer over 4-8 hours; may withhold water for 1-2 hours before treatment to encourage rapid consumption
• Thoroughly clean water lines before and after treatment to prevent biofilm accumulation [citation:1]

DRUG INTERACTIONS

• Antagonistic: Do not administer concurrently with bacteriostatic antibiotics (tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicol) as this may result in antagonism [citation:1].
• Avoid: Avoid concurrent use with heavy metals, which may form complexes [citation:5].
• Synergistic: Amoxicillin may be combined with clavulanic acid to overcome beta-lactamase-producing resistant bacteria [citation:9].

CONTRAINDICATIONS & PRECAUTIONS

• Hypersensitivity: Do not use in animals with known hypersensitivity to penicillins or cephalosporins [citation:1][citation:9].
• Egg production: Do not use in laying hens producing eggs for human consumption [citation:1][citation:8].
• Renal impairment: Use with caution in animals with severe renal insufficiency [citation:1].
• Sensitive species: Do not use in rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, or gerbils, as fatal gastrointestinal disturbances may occur [citation:1][citation:9].
• Resistance: Use based on susceptibility testing where possible. Inappropriate use may increase the prevalence of resistant bacteria [citation:1].
• Pregnancy: Amoxicillin is generally considered safe during pregnancy and lactation [citation:1].
• Keep out of reach of children
• Store in a cool, dry place below 25°C, protected from direct sunlight and moisture [citation:1]
• Use within 28 days after first opening [citation:1]

ADVERSE REACTIONS

• Allergic reactions may occur rarely in hypersensitive animals, including skin rashes, fever, or anaphylaxis [citation:1].
• Gastrointestinal side effects such as mild diarrhea may occur [citation:1].
• If adverse reactions occur, discontinue use and consult a veterinarian.

WITHDRAWAL PERIOD

• Meat (Poultry): 1 day [citation:1][citation:3]
• Meat (Turkeys): 5 days [citation:3]
• Meat (Ducks): 9 days [citation:3]
• Meat (Swine): 2 days [citation:3] to 15 days (varies by regulatory jurisdiction) [citation:8]
• Eggs: Not for use in laying hens producing eggs for human consumption [citation:1][citation:8]
• Note: Withdrawal periods may vary by country; always follow local regulatory requirements.

STORAGE

• Store in a cool, dry place below 25°C [citation:1].
• Protect from direct sunlight and moisture [citation:8].
• Keep container tightly closed when not in use.
• Do not freeze.

Target Species: Poultry (Broilers, Turkeys, Ducks, Geese, Quail), Swine

Pack Sizes: 1 Kg HDPE container

PRODUCT SUMMARY
AMOXIQAS Powder Antibiotic Amoxicillin Trihydrate 700mg per gram Poultry 1 Kg

FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY