Product Name: DIANAGLYCOL

Type: Energy Precursor Liquid

COMPOSITION

Each ml contains:

• Propylene Glycol ...... 900 mg
• Methionine ...... mg (quantity specified in product documentation)
• Choline Chloride ...... 4 mg
• Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) ...... 5 μg
• Excipients ...... q.s. to 1 ml

DESCRIPTION

DIANAGLYCOL is a multi-action energy precursor liquid formulated to support high-yielding ruminants during periods of negative energy balance (NEB). This unique combination of propylene glycol, methionine, choline chloride, and vitamin B12 provides gluconeogenic substrates, one-carbon metabolites for methyl donation, and liver support during critical transition periods .

Propylene Glycol (PG): Propylene glycol has been used successfully since the 1950s for the acute and prophylactic treatment of ketosis in dairy cows . It acts as a glucogenic precursor, being converted to propionate in the rumen, which is then used for hepatic gluconeogenesis . Research in sheep demonstrates that PG administration effectively reduces hyperketonemia and inhibits adipose lipolysis . In growing-finishing lambs, PG supplementation improved carcass yield without increasing feeding costs, and increased ruminal pH and protozoal populations . PG is rapidly absorbed and metabolized, with studies showing it reduces hyperketonemia by approximately 57% in energy-deficient ruminants .

Methionine and Choline Chloride (One-Carbon Metabolites): Methionine and choline are fundamental components of one-carbon metabolism (OCM), a series of interconnected pathways involving the methionine-folate cycles, transsulfuration, polyamine synthesis, and nucleotide synthesis . Methionine is the precursor for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is the physiological methyl group donor for protein, RNA, DNA, and phospholipid methylation . Choline can be metabolized to betaine, which serves as an alternative methyl donor via betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), or to phosphatidylcholine for cell membrane integrity .

Research in dairy cattle has shown that methionine supplementation increases dry matter intake, circulating insulin, and calf birth weight . Methionine and choline supplementation reduces oxidative stress, enhances immune function, and improves health and metabolic function during the periparturient period . Supplementing methionine without folate can decrease folate concentrations in circulation, highlighting the importance of balanced OCM supplementation .

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin): Vitamin B12 is a critical cofactor for methionine synthase (MTR), the enzyme responsible for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine using 5-methyltetrahydrofolate as a methyl donor . Research indicates that combined supplementation of folate and vitamin B12 increases milk production, milk component yield, and plasma glucose concentrations, while decreasing hepatic lipids in dairy cows . In one-carbon metabolism, vitamin B12 works synergistically with folate to maintain the methylation potential (SAM:SAH ratio), which is essential for DNA methylation, gene expression, and cellular differentiation .

Synergistic Action: The combination of propylene glycol with methionine, choline, and vitamin B12 addresses multiple aspects of metabolic health. While propylene glycol provides immediate gluconeogenic substrate to combat hypoglycemia and ketosis, the OCM components support hepatic function, reduce fatty liver risk, and maintain proper methylation status during periods of metabolic stress . This integrated approach is particularly valuable for transition dairy cows, which experience suppressed dry matter intake and increased fat mobilization in the weeks pre-calving .

INDICATIONS
DIANAGLYCOL is indicated for the following conditions in livestock:

• Ketosis (Acetonemia) – Treatment and prevention of clinical and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle
• Negative Energy Balance (NEB) – Support during periods of high energy demand, such as early lactation in dairy cows and late gestation in ewes and does
• Pregnancy Toxemia – Adjunctive therapy for pregnancy toxemia in ewes and does
• Fatty Liver Syndrome – Methionine and choline exert lipotrophic function in the liver, reducing the incidence of hepatic steatosis (fatty liver)
• Transition Period Support – For dairy cows during the 2-3 weeks pre-calving and post-calving to boost glucose supply and reduce metabolic disease risk
• Stress and Recovery – During illness, recovery, or periods of reduced feed intake
• Liver Function Support – As a hepatoprotective agent to support normal liver function

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION

For oral administration only. Administer as a drench or mix with feed/water. Shake well before use. Body weight should be determined as accurately as possible to ensure proper dosage .

Recommended Dosage:

Administration Guidelines:

• Transition Period: For optimal results in dairy cows, begin supplementation 2-3 weeks before expected calving and continue for 2-3 weeks post-calving
• Ketosis Treatment: Administer as a drench for immediate effect. Repeat as necessary based on clinical response and ketone testing.
• Feed/Water Administration: Can be mixed into feed or drinking water for group administration. Ensure all animals have adequate access.
• Duration: Continue supplementation until clinical signs resolve and appetite normalizes.

WITHDRAWAL PERIODS

• Meat: Consult local regulations (typically no withdrawal required for propylene glycol; methionine and choline are nutrients)
• Milk: 0 hours (no withdrawal required in most jurisdictions)

PRECAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS

• Do not use in animals with known hypersensitivity to any component.
• Do not exceed recommended dosage. Excessive propylene glycol administration may cause ataxia, depression, and hemolytic activity .
• One-Carbon Metabolism Considerations: Disrupted one-carbon metabolism can negatively affect multiple physiological systems . Supplementation strategies should aim to establish an optimal OCM dose that increases circulating concentrations while avoiding potential negative side effects of a disruptive OCM .
• Diabetic Animals: Use with caution in animals with diabetes mellitus.
• Operator Safety: Avoid direct contact with skin and eyes. In case of accidental ingestion, seek medical advice.
• Storage: Store in a cool, dry place below 25-30°C, protected from light. Do not freeze.
• Keep out of reach of children.

Target Species: Cattle (Dairy and Beef), Sheep, Goats

Pack Sizes: 1 Liter, 5 Liters

PRODUCT SUMMARY
DIANAGLYCOL Energy Precursor Liquid Each ml contains: Propylene glycol …… 900 mg Methionine ………… mg Choline chloride ………..4 mg Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)…. 5 μg Livestock 1Liter,5Liter

FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY