Combination antibiotic powder for poultry containing lincomycin (100 mg/g) and colistin (800,000 IU/g). Provides synergistic bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens (necrotic enteritis), E. coli (colibacillosis), Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma species.
Product Name: LC-ZONE
Type: Oral Water-Soluble Powder - Antibiotic Combination
COMPOSITION
Each gram contains:
- Lincomycin Hydrochloride USP ...... 100 mg
- Colistin Sulfate BP ...... 800,000 IU
DESCRIPTION
LC-ZONE is a broad-spectrum antibiotic combination powder containing lincomycin (a lincosamide antibiotic) and colistin (a polymyxin antibiotic). This synergistic combination provides enhanced antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, making it a valuable tool for the treatment of mixed bacterial infections in poultry
Lincomycin is a lincosamide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, interfering with peptidyl transferase activity. Colistin sulfate (polymyxin E) is a polypeptide antibiotic that acts as a surface-active agent, disrupting bacterial cell membrane integrity by interacting with phospholipids. The combination exhibits synergy against a wide range of pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella species, and Mycoplasma species
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Lincomycin:
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit
- Interferes with the peptidyl transferase reaction, preventing peptide bond formation
- Active against gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and Mycoplasma species
Colistin Sulfate:
- Acts as a cationic surface-active agent, binding to lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria
- Displaces divalent cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), destabilizing the cell membrane
- Increases membrane permeability, leading to leakage of cellular contents and cell death
- Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, exerting its primary effect in the gut lumen
Synergistic Combination:
- Studies have demonstrated that the combination of lincomycin and colistin exhibits synergy against approximately 90% of tested isolates, with additive effects against the remaining isolates
- In vitro studies confirm synergy against Escherichia coli, with the MIC for colistin reduced by a factor of 2 in combination with lincomycin
- The combination is particularly effective against simultaneous infections caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)
ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRUM
LC-ZONE is effective against a broad range of microorganisms:
Gram-Positive Bacteria:
- Clostridium perfringens - causative agent of necrotic enteritis
- Staphylococcus spp. - staphylococcosis
- Streptococcus spp. - streptococcal infections
- Other anaerobic gram-positive bacteria
Gram-Negative Bacteria:
- Escherichia coli - colibacillosis, coli-septicemia, airsacculitis
- Salmonella spp. - salmonellosis, fowl typhoid, pullorum disease
- Pasteurella multocida - fowl cholera
- Haemophilus paragallinarum - infectious coryza
- Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycoplasma:
- Mycoplasma gallisepticum - chronic respiratory disease (CRD)
- Mycoplasma synoviae - infectious synovitis, respiratory disease
INDICATIONS
LC-ZONE is indicated for the treatment and control of infections caused by lincomycin and colistin-sensitive bacteria in poultry
Disease Conditions:
- Necrotic Enteritis - caused by Clostridium perfringens, characterized by intestinal necrosis, diarrhea, and mortality
- Colibacillosis - E. coli infections including airsacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis, and septicemia
- Salmonellosis - fowl typhoid (Salmonella gallinarum), pullorum disease (Salmonella pullorum), and paratyphoid infections
- Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) - mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum
- Fowl Cholera - Pasteurella multocida infection
- Infectious Coryza - Avibacterium paragallinarum infection
- Mixed bacterial infections involving both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens
- Secondary bacterial infections associated with viral diseases
PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES
- Lincomycin: Rapidly absorbed after oral administration; widely distributed throughout the body; achieves therapeutic concentrations in respiratory and intestinal tissues; partially metabolized in the liver; excreted primarily in urine and bile
- Colistin: Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (minimal systemic bioavailability); exerts its primary bactericidal effect in the intestinal lumen; excreted almost completely in feces
- Advantage: The combination provides both systemic (lincomycin) and locally acting (colistin) antibacterial coverage, making it effective for mixed respiratory and gastrointestinal infections
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION
LC-ZONE is administered via drinking water. For optimal results, fresh medicated water should be prepared daily.
Recommended Dosage:
- Poultry (Broilers, Layers, Breeders): 1 g per liter of drinking water
- Alternative Dosage (body weight): 0.1 g per kg body weight (100 mg lincomycin + 800,000 IU colistin per kg body weight)
- Treatment Duration: 3-5 consecutive days. For chronic or severe infections, up to 7 days may be required
Administration Guidelines:
- Calculate total daily water consumption based on flock size, age, and environmental temperature
- Dissolve the required amount of LC-ZONE in a small volume of water, then add to the main drinking water tank
- For use in automatic water proportioners, prepare stock solution according to manufacturer specifications
- Prepare fresh medicated water daily; discard any unused solution after 24 hours
- Ensure medicated water is the sole source of drinking water during treatment
- For best results, administer over 4-8 hours; may withhold water for 1-2 hours before treatment to encourage rapid consumption
- Do not use with bacteriostatic antibiotics (tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicol) due to potential antagonism
EFFICACY AND SYNERGY DATA
Synergistic Activity:
- In vitro studies demonstrate that the combination of lincomycin and colistin exhibits synergy against approximately 90% of tested isolates, including Mycoplasma gallisepticum and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)
- The synergy allows for effective bacterial control at lower concentrations than either agent alone, reducing the risk of resistance development
- In vivo studies in chickens with simultaneous MG and APEC infection showed that treated groups had no APEC detected and only minimal MG detection (1 out of 6 birds) after treatment
- Histopathological findings in treated groups were similar to normal controls, confirming the therapeutic efficacy of the combination
Withdrawal Period Study:
- A peer-reviewed study published in the Pakistan Veterinary Journal (2020) evaluated tissue residues of lincomycin-colistin combination in broiler chickens
- Antibiotic residues were highest in the liver and kidney but were lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) on day 1 and rapidly decreased from day 3
- The withdrawal time (WT) was calculated as 2.95 days based on kidney residue levels, rounded off to 3 days
- The study recommended a withdrawal period of 3 days as a precautionary principle for public health
RESISTANCE CONSIDERATIONS
Mechanisms of Resistance:
- Lincomycin resistance: Methylation of the 23S rRNA binding site; efflux pumps; enzymatic inactivation
- Colistin resistance: Plasmid-mediated mcr genes; modifications to lipopolysaccharides; biofilm formation
- Cross-resistance with macrolides may occur for lincomycin due to similar binding sites
Responsible Use Recommendations:
- Veterinary consultation and susceptibility testing are recommended where available
- Use combination therapy to reduce the risk of resistance development
- Adhere strictly to recommended dosages and treatment durations; avoid subtherapeutic dosing
- Do not use for disease prevention or growth promotion
- Prolonged or repeated use should be avoided; improve management, cleaning, and disinfection practices instead
DRUG INTERACTIONS
- Antagonistic: Do not use concurrently with bacteriostatic antibiotics (tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicol) due to potential antagonism
- Interactions: Avoid concurrent use with other aminoglycosides or nephrotoxic drugs
- Synergistic: The combination of lincomycin and colistin itself is synergistic; no other significant synergistic interactions documented
CONTRAINDICATIONS & PRECAUTIONS
- Egg production: Not for use in laying hens producing eggs for human consumption
- Young birds: Use with caution in very young chicks; lincomycin may affect intestinal flora development
- Liver and kidney dysfunction: Use with caution or avoid in animals with impaired hepatic or renal function
- Hypersensitivity: Do not use in animals with known hypersensitivity to lincosamides or polymyxin antibiotics
- Sensitive species: Do not allow rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, horses, or ruminants access to water containing this product. Ingestion by these species may result in severe gastrointestinal effects
- Keep out of reach of children
- Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, protected from direct sunlight
- Protect from moisture
- Use within 28 days after first opening
ADVERSE REACTIONS
- At recommended doses, the combination is generally well tolerated in poultry
- Occasionally, mild diarrhea may occur due to intestinal flora changes
- If adverse reactions occur, discontinue use and consult a veterinarian
WITHDRAWAL PERIOD
- Meat (Poultry): 3 days (based on scientific residue depletion studies establishing a withdrawal time of 2.95 days, rounded to 3 days)
- Eggs: Not for use in laying hens producing eggs for human consumption
- Note: Withdrawal periods may vary by country; always follow local regulatory requirements
STORAGE
- Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C
- Protect from direct sunlight and moisture
- Keep container tightly closed when not in use
- Do not freeze
Target Species: Poultry (Broilers, Layers, Breeders, Turkeys, Ducks, Geese, Quail)
Pack Sizes: 1 Kg HDPE container
PRODUCT SUMMARY
LC-ZONE Powder Antibiotic Lincomycin HCL USP 100mg, Colistin Sulphate BP 800,000 IU per gram Poultry 1 Kg
FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY