Product Name: TETRAZONE-10

Type: Oral Water-Soluble Powder - Antibiotic Combination

COMPOSITION

Each 1000 g contains:

• Tylosin Tartrate USP ...... 100 g (10% w/w, 100 mg per gram)
• Doxycycline Hydrochloride USP ...... 200 g (20% w/w, 200 mg per gram)
• Colistin Sulfate BP ...... 480 MIU (Million International Units)
• Bromhexine Hydrochloride BP ...... 5 g (0.5% w/w, 5 mg per gram)

DESCRIPTION

TETRAZONE-10 is a high-concentration, broad-spectrum antibiotic combination powder containing four active ingredients: tylosin, doxycycline, colistin, and bromhexine. This synergistic formulation provides comprehensive coverage against respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens in poultry, combining two potent antibiotics with a mucolytic agent and an additional gram-negative-specific antibiotic for maximum therapeutic efficacy

Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae with potent activity against gram-positive bacteria and Mycoplasma species [citation:4]. Doxycycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline with broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Rickettsia [citation:3][citation:4]. Colistin sulfate is a polymyxin antibiotic with bactericidal action specifically against gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Haemophilus species [citation:3]. Bromhexine hydrochloride is a mucolytic agent that reduces mucus viscosity and enhances the penetration of antibiotics into respiratory tissues [citation:4].

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Tylosin:

• Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit [citation:4]
• Interferes with peptidyl transferase activity, preventing peptide bond formation
• Exhibits bacteriostatic activity with bactericidal effects at higher concentrations [citation:4]
• Particularly effective against Mycoplasma species and gram-positive bacteria

Doxycycline:

• Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit [citation:4]
• Prevents the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex
• Exhibits bacteriostatic activity with a broad spectrum against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria [citation:3][citation:4]
• High affinity for lung tissue, making it particularly effective for respiratory infections [citation:3]

Colistin Sulfate:

• Acts as a cationic surface-active agent, binding to lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria [citation:3]
• Displaces divalent cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), destabilizing the cell membrane
• Increases membrane permeability, leading to leakage of cellular contents and cell death [citation:3]
• Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, exerting its primary effect in the gut lumen [citation:3]

Bromhexine:

• Acts as a mucolytic agent, reducing the viscosity of bronchial secretions [citation:3][citation:4]
• Depolymerizes mucopolysaccharides, making sputum less viscous and easier to expectorate [citation:3]
• Enhances ciliary activity in the respiratory tract, facilitating clearance of infectious material
• Increases the ability of tylosin and doxycycline to penetrate into the bronchi, leading to more rapid and effective concentrations of these antimicrobials [citation:4]

Synergistic Combination:

• The combination of tylosin and doxycycline acts additively or synergistically, providing enhanced antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma and mixed bacterial infections [citation:3]
• Colistin extends the spectrum to include gram-negative enteric pathogens not covered by tylosin and doxycycline alone
• Bromhexine enhances antibiotic penetration into respiratory tissues and improves clinical outcomes by clearing airway obstructions [citation:4]
• This quadruple-action formulation provides comprehensive coverage for both respiratory and gastrointestinal infections

ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRUM

TETRAZONE-10 is effective against a broad range of microorganisms:

Mycoplasma:

• Mycoplasma gallisepticum - chronic respiratory disease (CRD) [citation:1][citation:5]
• Mycoplasma synoviae - infectious synovitis, respiratory disease [citation:1]
• Mycoplasma meleagridis - in turkeys

Gram-Positive Bacteria:

• Clostridium perfringens - necrotic enteritis
• Staphylococcus spp. [citation:3][citation:4]
• Streptococcus spp. [citation:3][citation:4]
• Corynebacterium spp. [citation:4]

Gram-Negative Bacteria:

• Escherichia coli - colibacillosis [citation:1][citation:3][citation:5]
• Salmonella spp. - salmonellosis, fowl typhoid, pullorum disease [citation:1][citation:3]
• Pasteurella multocida - fowl cholera [citation:1][citation:3][citation:5]
• Haemophilus paragallinarum - infectious coryza [citation:1][citation:3]
• Bordetella avium - turkey coryza [citation:3]
• Campylobacter spp. [citation:3]
• Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp. [citation:4]

INDICATIONS

TETRAZONE-10 is indicated for the treatment and control of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in poultry caused by tylosin, doxycycline, and colistin-sensitive bacteria

Disease Conditions:

• Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) - mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum [citation:1][citation:5]
• Complex Chronic Respiratory Disease (CCRD) - mixed infections involving Mycoplasma and E. coli [citation:1]
• Colibacillosis - E. coli infections causing airsacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis [citation:1][citation:5]
• Salmonellosis - fowl typhoid, pullorum disease, paratyphoid infections [citation:1]
• Necrotic Enteritis - Clostridium perfringens infection
• Fowl Cholera - Pasteurella multocida infection [citation:1][citation:5]
• Infectious Coryza - Haemophilus paragallinarum infection [citation:1]
• Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection
• Mixed bacterial infections involving respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts
• Secondary bacterial infections associated with viral diseases (Newcastle disease, Infectious Bronchitis)

PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES

• Tylosin: Rapidly absorbed after oral administration; widely distributed throughout the body; achieves high concentrations in respiratory tissues; partially metabolized; excreted primarily in bile and urine. Following oral administration in broiler chickens, the drug shows good pharmacokinetic profiles [citation:9][citation:10].
• Doxycycline: Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; high affinity for lung tissue and bone; minimal metabolism; excreted primarily in feces and urine; absorption may be affected by calcium, magnesium, and iron [citation:4].
• Colistin: Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; exerts primary effect in the gut lumen; excreted almost completely in feces [citation:3].
• Bromhexine: Rapidly absorbed and distributed to respiratory tissues; metabolized in the liver to ambroxol (active metabolite); excreted in urine [citation:4].

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION

TETRAZONE-10 is administered via drinking water. For optimal results, fresh medicated water should be prepared daily.

Recommended Dosage:

• Poultry (Broilers, Layers, Breeders, Turkeys, Ducks, Geese): 1 g per 2-4 liters of drinking water for 3-5 consecutive days [citation:3]
• Alternative Dosage (body weight): 1 g per 10-20 kg body weight per day
• Treatment Duration: 3-5 consecutive days. For severe or chronic infections, up to 7 days may be required [citation:3]

Administration Guidelines:

• Calculate total daily water consumption based on flock size, age, and environmental temperature
• Dissolve the required amount of TETRAZONE-10 in a small volume of water, then add to the main drinking water tank
• For use in automatic water proportioners, prepare stock solution according to manufacturer specifications
• Prepare fresh medicated water daily; discard any unused solution after 24 hours
• Ensure medicated water is the sole source of drinking water during treatment
• For best results, administer over 4-8 hours; may withhold water for 1-2 hours before treatment to encourage rapid consumption
• Do not use with bacteriostatic antibiotics that may cause antagonism (e.g., chloramphenicol)
• Avoid concurrent use with calcium, magnesium, iron, or aluminum-containing products as they may reduce doxycycline absorption [citation:4]

EFFICACY DATA

Synergistic Activity:

• The combination of tylosin and doxycycline acts additively or synergistically, providing enhanced antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma and mixed bacterial infections [citation:3]. Doxycycline inhibits protein synthesis at the 30S ribosomal subunit while tylosin acts at the 50S subunit, creating a dual-blockade effect that enhances bacterial killing.
• Colistin extends the spectrum to include gram-negative enteric pathogens that are not covered by tylosin and doxycycline alone [citation:3].
• Bromhexine enhances antibiotic penetration into respiratory tissues, improving therapeutic outcomes in respiratory infections [citation:4].

Residue Studies:

• A peer-reviewed study published in the Journal of Food Science (2021) evaluated residues of doxycycline and tylosin in broiler chicken tissues. Residues were found to be more persistent in liver tissues than in muscle and fat. The study emphasized the importance of proper withdrawal periods before marketing to ensure consumer safety [citation:9][citation:10].

WITHDRAWAL PERIOD

• Meat (Poultry): 7 days [citation:2][citation:3]
• Eggs: 4-8 days (varies by regulatory jurisdiction; typical withdrawal: 8 days) [citation:2][citation:7]
• Note: Withdrawal periods may vary by country; always follow local regulatory requirements. The European withdrawal period for doxycycline-tylosin combinations is 7 days for meat and 8 days for eggs [citation:2].

CONTRAINDICATIONS & PRECAUTIONS

• Egg production: Do not use in laying hens producing eggs for human consumption. When used, observe the recommended withdrawal period.
• Young birds: Tetracyclines may cause discoloration of teeth in young animals; use with caution in very young chicks [citation:3].
• Liver and kidney dysfunction: Use with caution or avoid in animals with impaired hepatic or renal function [citation:3].
• Hypersensitivity: Do not use in animals with known hypersensitivity to macrolides, tetracyclines, polymyxins, or bromhexine [citation:3].
• Sensitive species: Do not allow horses, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, or ruminants access to water containing this product. Tetracyclines may cause gastrointestinal disturbances in these species [citation:3].
• Keep out of reach of children
• When handling the product, avoid inhalation, oral exposure, and direct contact with skin or eyes
• Store in a dry place below 30°C, protected from direct sunlight
• Protect from moisture
• Use within 28 days after first opening

ADVERSE REACTIONS

• At recommended doses, the combination is generally well tolerated in poultry
• Occasional mild diarrhea may occur due to intestinal flora changes [citation:3]
• Discoloration of teeth in young animals with prolonged use [citation:3]
• Hypersensitivity reactions may occur in susceptible animals [citation:3]
• If adverse reactions occur, discontinue use and consult a veterinarian

DRUG INTERACTIONS

• Antagonistic: Do not use concurrently with bacteriostatic antibiotics that may cause antagonism (e.g., chloramphenicol). Concurrent administration of penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones, and cycloserine should be avoided [citation:3].
• Interactions: Avoid concurrent use with calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, or zinc-containing products as they may reduce doxycycline absorption by forming insoluble complexes [citation:4].
• Antacids: Do not administer with antacids or products containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium.
• Nephrotoxic drugs: Avoid concurrent use with other nephrotoxic drugs (aminoglycosides, cephalosporins) when significant systemic absorption occurs.
• Synergistic: The combination of tylosin and doxycycline is additive/synergistic; colistin extends the spectrum; bromhexine enhances respiratory tissue penetration [citation:3][citation:4].

Target Species: Poultry (Broilers, Layers, Breeders, Turkeys, Ducks, Geese, Quail, Pigeons)

Pack Sizes: 1 Kg HDPE container

PRODUCT SUMMARY
TETRAZONE-10 Powder Antibiotic Tylosin tartrate USP 100g, Doxycycline HCl USP 200g, Colistin Sulphate BP 480 MIU, Bromhexine HCl BP 5g per 1000g Poultry 1 Kg

FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY